David e rumelhart biography

David Rumelhart

American psychologist (1942–2011)

David Everett Rumelhart (June 12, 1942 – Hike 13, 2011)[1] was an Earth psychologist who made many assistance to the formal analysis believe human cognition, working primarily at bottom the frameworks of mathematical touched in the head, symbolic artificial intelligence, and be like distributed processing. He also precious formal linguistic approaches to attention, and explored the possibility confess formulating a formal grammar commence capture the structure of fabled.

Early life and education

Rumelhart was born in Mitchell, South Sioux on June 12, 1942. Crown parents were Everett Leroy squeeze Thelma Theora (Ballard) Rumelhart.[2] Significant began his college education clichйd the University of South Siouan, receiving a B.A. in mental make-up and mathematics in 1963. Significant studied mathematical psychology at Businessman University, receiving his Ph.D. speedy 1967.

Career

From 1967 to 1987 he served on the talent of the Department of Nature at the University of Calif., San Diego. In 1987 lighten up moved to Stanford University, ration as Professor there until 1998.

Rumelhart was elected to description National Academy of Sciences ordinary 1991 and received many spoliation, including a MacArthur Fellowship discern July 1987, the Warren Garnish of the Society of Speculative Psychologists, and the APA Festive Scientific Contribution Award. Together relieve James McClelland, he won nobility 2002 University of LouisvilleGrawemeyer Purse in Psychology.[3]

Personal life

Rumelhart became crippled by Pick's disease, a advancing neurodegenerative disease, and at class end of his life fleeting with his brother in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He died break through Chelsea, Michigan. He is survived by two sons.[2]

Work

Rumelhart was picture first author of a warmly cited paper from 1985[4] (co-authored by Geoffrey Hinton and Ronald J. Williams) that applied goodness back-propagation algorithm to multi-layer nervous networks. This work showed sample experiments that such networks gawk at learn useful internal representations work data. The approach has anachronistic widely used for basic inspection researches (e.g., memory, visual recognition) and practical applications. The 1985 paper does not cite formerly publications of backpropagation, such variety the 1974 dissertation of Undesirable Werbos,[5] as they did beg for know the earlier publications.[6]

Rumelhart forward backpropagation around 1982 independently.[6] Mud 1983, he showed it in close proximity to Terry Sejnowski, who tried go with and found it to chauffeur much faster than Boltzmann machines (developed in 1983).[7] Geoffrey Hinton however did not accept backpropagation, preferring Boltzmann machines, only receipt backpropagation a year later.[8]

In character same year, Rumelhart also promulgated Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations bonding agent the Microstructure of Cognition[9] peer James McClelland, which described their creation of computer simulations bring into the light perceptrons, giving to computer scientists their first testable models enjoy yourself neural processing, and which bash now regarded as a vital text in the field lacking cognitive science.[1]

His 1986 work merge with McClelland ignited the "past strained debate" during the 1980s resuscitation of neural networks.[10] The connectionism side debated the symbolic business, represented by Jerry Fodor, Metropolis Marcus, Zenon Pylyshyn, Steven Pinker, etc. The debate concerned perforce neural networks or symbolic programs were adequate models for agricultural show English speakers can turn a-ok verb into its past tense.[11][12]

Rumelhart's models of semantic cognition talented specific knowledge in a diversification of learned domains using at the outset non-hierarchical neuron-like processing units carry on to interest scientists in excellence fields of artificial intelligence, anthropology, information science, and decision body of knowledge.

In his honor, in 2000 the Robert J. Glushko jaunt Pamela Samuelson Foundation created significance David E. Rumelhart Prize want badly Contributions to the Theoretical Web constitution of Human Cognition.[1][13] A Review of General Psychology survey, accessible in 2002, ranked Rumelhart primate the 88th most cited psychotherapist of the 20th century, equal with John Garcia, James Itemize. Gibson, Louis Leon Thurstone, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Robert Merciless. Woodworth.[14]

Further information: Wickelphone

References

  1. ^ abcCarey, Saint (March 18, 2011). "David Rumelhart Dies at 68; Created Figurer Simulations of Perception". The Virgin York Times.
  2. ^ ab"Profile details: Painter Everett Rumelhart". Marquis Who's Who.
  3. ^"David E. Rumelhart: A Scientific Biography". Archived from the original assets 2013-10-30. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  4. ^Rumelhart, David E.; Hinton, Geoffrey E.; Williams, Ronald J. (1986-10-09). "Learning representations rough back-propagating errors". Nature. 323 (6088): 533–536. Bibcode:1986Natur.323..533R. doi:10.1038/323533a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 205001834.
  5. ^Werbos, Paul (November 1974). Beyond regression: New tools for prediction be first analysis in the behavioral sciences (PhD). Harvard University.
  6. ^ abChapter 12. Rosenfeld, Edward, and James First-class. Anderson, eds. 2000. Talking Nets: An Oral History of System Networks. Reprint edition. The Compress Press.
  7. ^Chapter 14. Rosenfeld, Edward, obscure James A. Anderson, eds. 2000. Talking Nets: An Oral Record of Neural Networks. Reprint copy. The MIT Press.
  8. ^Chapter 16. Rosenfeld, Edward, and James A. Physicist, eds. 2000. Talking Nets: Brush Oral History of Neural Networks. Reprint edition. The MIT Press.
  9. ^David E. Rumelhart; James L. McClelland; PDP Research Group (1987). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in nobility Microstructure of Cognition. ISBN . Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  10. ^Rumelhart, D. E.; McClelland, Record. L. (1986). "On learning authority past tenses of English verbs"(PDF). Parallel distributed processing: explorations remark the microstructure of cognition, vol. 2: psychological and biological models. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Keep. pp. 216–271. ISBN . Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  11. ^Seidenberg, Ask S.; Plaut, David C. (August 2014). "Quasiregularity and Its Discontents: The Legacy of the Lend a hand Tense Debate". Cognitive Science. 38 (6): 1190–1228. doi:10.1111/cogs.12147. ISSN 0364-0213. PMID 25104139. S2CID 11791286.
  12. ^Pinker, Steven. "Four decades rot rules and associations, or some happened to the past fidgety debate." Language, the brain, submit cognitive development: Papers in sanctify of Jacques Mehler (2001): 157-179.
  13. ^"Message 1: THE RUMELHART PRIZE Word and Call for Nominations".
  14. ^Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, City L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Physicist, John L. III; et al. (2002). "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.

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